Alopecia: disease and treatment

Approximately 147 million people worldwide are affected by alopecia areata. Both children and adults may develop the disease, which occurs at similar rates in males and females.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune pathology that leads to attacks on the scalp. This disease typically begins with sudden loss of patches of hair on the scalp, which can lead to baldness. However, any part of the body can be affected and patients may experience itching or burning. There is no cure for alopecia but several treatment options exist to manage the condition and promote hair growth.

For alopecia areata, corticosteroid creams, injections or immunosuppressive drugs may be used. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new drug called LITFULO (ritlecitinib), which is kinase inhibitor. It is a daily oral treatment for patients from 12 years of age and the approved recommended dose is 50mg. This drug can enable adolescents and adults to achieve a significant hair regrowth.

Other options to treat alopecia include hair restauration techniques, such as hair implantation, wigs, and hairpieces. Since this pathology can have a significant psychological impact on individuals, counseling and support groups can help them cope with the emotional challenges.